We use the concepts of entropy and information theory to design a confidence measure for Bayesian facies estimations. Bayesian analyses provide the probabilities of occurrence of each constituent facies in a set. The entropy analysis uses all of these to establish a Confidence Index ...
Interbed multiples cause artifacts in subsurface images because they are incorrectly migrated when using standard primary-based migration algorithms. While surface-related-multiple-elimination has been well established as a standard step in seismic processing, the usage of interbed multiple attenuation (IMA) remains low due to various practical ...
Geophysical imaging in the foothills environment is typically hampered by complex structure, and the high cost of data acquisition in poorly accessible, rugged topography. Seismic imaging is particularly difficult due to poor signal penetration, steeply dipping structures and irregular data coverage. The use of ...
Direct wave arrivals are the most robust signals to determine velocity and consequently they have been used for almost a century in hydrocarbon exploration. The reason is simple as the arrival time is explicitly available. In order to acquire these direct arrivals in a ...
Subsalt imaging at Stampede field in the Gulf of Mexico has remained challenging for decades due to the existence of a large and complex sediment inclusion inside thick tabular salt. Recently, appropriate full-waveform inversion (FWI) algorithms have been developed for automatic salt model updating ...
Ten years ago, CGG launched a project to develop a new concept of marine vibrator (MV) technology. We present our work, concluding with the successful acquisition of a seismic image using an ocean-bottom-node 2D survey
Ideal datasets for stratigraphic interpretation have high resolution, high level of continuity, high S/N, and high amplitude fidelity. In the deep water Gulf of Mexico (DW GOM), detailed geologic interpretation, like faults and channels, for subsalt Wilcox reservoirs is challenging due to complex salt ...
A new broadband Wide-Azimuth Towed-Streamer (WATS) survey was acquired in a shallow water region of offshore China to better resolve reservoir compartments. Two side boats were added as additional source boats to form the WATS acquisition geometry to resolve the shortcomings of narrow-azimuth acquisition ...
The imaging of the complex fault system plays an important role in hydrocarbon exploration in Wenchang field since the fault system forms a bridge between the source rocks and reservoirs. However, it is challenging to obtain a high quality depth image of the fault ...